vijaya gandhi mandadi

Negotiation is a process by which the groups involved, resolves the matters of dispute by holding negotiations and coming to an agreement which can be mutually agreed by them. (Legal-Explanations.com)

Negotiation is a field of knowledge and endeavor. (Cohen.H, may 2007, Pg, 15)
If it is allocating the resources for the project, funding a project or to supply a chain of new products or service, negotiating skills play at the heart of the process. It is important to establish a formal planning to give a priority to the issues. Have to identify a communication style through which makes job easy.
The benefits from the negotiation are
• Know what kind of behavior is good at which stage.
• Adjust the communication style to achieve the desired results.
• Apply the negotiating skills person-to-person, face-to-face, on the phone or through the e-mail and other media.
As the number of parties in a negotiation increases, the complexity increases and the dispute expands rapidly. There are rules applied by the negotiators to make the problem work better for everyone, like specifying the group will make a decision. It might be a majority wins or randomly. All though many times negotiations place constraints and prevent people from learning enough what they are interested in.
It is extremely tough to manage the negotiations on cross cultures. The negotiators might change their game plan either by going on their cultural background or by having their opponents follow the culture in which they both are familer to, to bring a better result.
Negotiations can be one of the quickest parts of the job hunt process which takes place in less than a minute in many cases. We have got nothing to lose by asking if evey offer we receive are negotiable.

References

The emerging art of negotiation, (2007), retrieved on November 28, 2007 from the website http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/1517.html
The art of Negotiation, (2007) retrieved on November 28, 2007 from the website http://alliedhealthmag.com/interview/negotiating.html
Cohen. H, 1980, You can negotiate anything, Kensington publishing corp.

Posted by Vijay at 02:45 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

The culture of India has been shaped by the long history of India, its unique geography and the absorption of customs, traditions and ideas from both immigrants and invaders, while preserving its ancient heritage from the Indus Valley Civilization.

The great numbers of languages in India have historically created diverse cultures and traditions at both regional and national levels. 216 languages are spoken by a group of more than 10,000 people; however there are many others which are spoken by fewer than 10,000 people. (Daniel. A, 2005) If these languages were to be included, there are 415 living languages in India. The Constitution of India has stipulated the usage of Hindi and English to be the two official languages of communication for the Union Government. Individual states' own internal communications are usually in the state's language or English.

India has strong traditions of poetry, as well as prose writing. This is often closely related to musical traditions, and most poetry can be attributed to religious movements. Writers and philosophers were often also skilled poets. In modern times, poetry has served as an important non-violent tool of nationalism during the Indian freedom movement. A famous modern example of this tradition can be found in such figures as Rabindranath Tagore and K. S. Narasimhaswamy in modern times and poets. Two examples of poetry from Tagore's Gitanjali serve as the national anthems of both India and Bangladesh

The first sculptures in India date back to the Indus Valley civilization, where stone and bronze carvings have been discovered. This is one of the earliest instances of sculpture in the world. Later, as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism developed further, India produced some of the most intricate bronzes in the world, as well as unrivalled temple carvings. Some huge shrines, such as the one at Ellora were not actually constructed using blocks, but instead carved out of solid rock, making them perhaps the largest and most intricate sculptures in the world

Clothing in India Saris are popular in the southern half of India and certain parts of the northern half as well. Alternatively, women can wear salwar kamis or lehngas. For men it consists of the Dhoti or Lungi and currently the kurta top is very popular. Cuisine of India The multiple families of Indian cuisine are characterized by their sophisticated and subtle use of many spices and herbs. Each family of this cuisine is characterized by a wide assortment of dishes and cooking techniques. Though a significant portion of Indian food is vegetarian, many traditional Indian dishes also include chicken, goat, lamb, fish, and other meats. Food is an important part of Indian culture, playing a role in everyday life as well as in festivals.

In many families, everyday meals usually consisting of two to three main course dishes, varied accompaniments such as chutneys and pickles, carbohydrates such as rice and roti (bread), as well as desserts. India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with many religious societies and cultures. Religion plays a central role in the life of the country and most of its people. The religion of more than 80.4% of the people is Hinduism, considered the world's oldest religious and philosophical system. Islam is practiced by around 13.4% of all Indians. Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism are systems that are strong and influential not only in India but across the world (The Hindu, Business line).

Modern India has produced some of the world's most influential philosophers of modern times, who have written both in their native languages, and often English. During the time when British occupied India, various thinkers, both secular and religious, achieved a new level of recognition across the world as both ancient Indian texts, and the work of contemporary Indian philosophers was translated into English, German and other languages. Swami Vivekananda travelled to America and participated in the 1893 World Parliament of Religions, impressing delegates with his speech that for the first time gave access to eastern, Indian, Hindu and dharma philosophy to western intellectuals. As well as various religious thinkers Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore and other members of the Indian freedom movement, generated political philosophy, and formed the basis of modern Indian democracy, secularism and liberalism. Today, economists such as Amartya Sen, who won Asia's first Nobel Prize in economics, continue to give India a reputation as an important contributor to world thought.

References:
Culture of India, (2007). Visual art, Retrieved on November 25, 2007. From website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_India

Daniel. A, (2005), information on India-religions in india, Retrieved on November 25, 2007. From website http://adaniel.tripod.com/religions.htm

Posted by Vijay at 08:50 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Communication can simply be said as two people talking to each other. Human communication has many parts and layers. It’s dedicated to understand how people communicate in different situations

There are many types of human communication.
1) Intrapersonal communication: person trying to communicate with themselves. This sounds a little weird but people often do that when they are deeply buried in work. They think that they are trying to work with someone else in their mind and keep interacting with themselves.

2) Interpersonal communication: people who are trying to contact with the other person. This is the most common for of communication. People talking on the phone, teacher explaining the subject to the student in a class.

3) Mass media communications: communication with people from other culture. The key to effective cross-culture communication is knowledge. It is essential for people to understand the potential problem of cross culture communication and make an effect to overcome these problems this is so important in its own perspective as, when doing business with the international people understanding them and behaving properly in the meeting is a very important issue as the others should not get offended.
“culture and past experiences play a major role in a persons language or perspective in communicating”( Coburn, T. personal communication).

I see communication as a process of transmitting the message from a transmitter through a channel in a common media, to the receiver and to the final destination. If the communication is done over a specific channel or through electronic equipment encoding at the transmitter and decoding at the receiver is needed.
The transmitter usually sends the message which is encoded at the transmitting section, by a microphone (say) and is sent to the modulation section. In this section the signal is modulated according to the type of the transmission scheme. The signals are transmitted to the common media channel and they are received at the receiver side here the signals obtained are decoded and sent to the speaker if it was the end device. “By responding to the senders’ message, the receiver now becomes the sender. Consequently, the senders become the receiver, but only for a short duration,” (Clark, N. Personal Communication).

This process goes back and forth as a part of communication. Human communication process has a
1) Content EG: experiences, targeting receives, commands, conversations.
2) Source.
3) From: EG: gestures, speech, communication formats.
4) Channel.
5) Destination: both content and form is the destination.
6) Purpose.

The content is the text which we are trying to deliver. Source is where the message is coming from. Form is the format in which the message is going to travel. Channel is the medium through which the message is going to travel. Destination is the place where the message has to reach. Purpose is the reason why the message has been sent.
There are three categories of forms by which the message can be delivered. They are the

Verbal communication: This form of communication is usually between two or more people. This is the most common form of human communication.

Non verbal communication: This form of communication is by gestures, sound, body language etc.
“Body language is an essential part of communication two people could say the same sentence but convey different meanings by simply changing. Their body language” (McCurdy, K. Personal communication).

Symbolic Communication: This form of communication referred in any context. Listening is the most important part of human communication. Unless people listen what transmitter is trying to say they cannot understand and cannot respond.

1) Hearing.
2) Attending.
3) Understanding.
4) Responding.
5) Remembering

According to Tom Peters “Effective listening is engaged listening” (Peters, T. Pg: 528).
When people get engaged in doing some stuff they tend to do it attentively but when comes to the part of listening there are so many deviations.
Listening is important step even in the corporate world. When people step in to the company they need to listen to their team leader first. Otherwise “It is a very humbling experience to make a multimillion dollar mistake but it is a memorable. Moment” (Gillette, personal communication).
Even in the political world only those has much demand who has good listening skills, understand what’s going on, analyze the situation and should be able to give a good response.
Conclusion: In every part of the job or in any situation human communication plays a vital role. Unless people know how to manage themselves, it is tough to keep up with the others in such a cutthroat competition.

Posted by Vijay at 08:07 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)