The DMCA is the implementation in the US of two WIPO Acts that have been written at the end of the 20th century to be able to face new issues for copyright. Those issues were the development of digital copyrighted work that allowed people to make perfect copies with a limited amount of technologies and the development of internet that enable important files exchange between an unlimited community.

The DMCA is composed of five titles that amended the different US Copyright laws. The two first titles are introduce the biggest changes in the copyright laws.

The first title is the act that implements the WIPO Copyright Treaty and Performances and Phonograms Treaty. The DMCA’s first title is composed of two main parts. The first part made some minor amendments to previous US laws to be compliant with the two WIPO treaties. The second part is the most important one, it creates to new prohibition in Title 17 of the U.S. Code. Those two prohibitions have been created to insure the respect of copyrighted work in the new digital world.

The most important part of DMCA’s Title one is the introduction of the prohibition of the circumvention of measures aimed at protecting copyrighted works. The DMCA criminalizes the fact to sell, provide or distribute a way to circumvent protection measures and the fact to circumvent protection measures even if there is no copyright infringement (U.S. Copyright Office, 1998, p. 2). This part of the DMCA is contained in the section 103 also known as anti-circumvention provision. It adds Chapter 12 (Section 1201 to section 1205) to the US copyright law.
Some exceptions to the access-control and copy-control measures’ circumvention are also defined in the title one of the DMCA. The main exemptions concern the fair use, reverse engineering for interoperability purpose, law enforcement, intelligence collection and other government activities, encryption research and security testing (U.S. Copyright Office, 1998, p. 5).

The second title of the DMCA creates a safe harbor for online service providers (OSP). This title has been created to be able to handle new issues that have appeared with the development of internet and the online service providers that come with it. The title 2 exempts the online service providers from being reliable of the copyright infringement committed by their users (U.S. Copyright Office, 1998, p. 8). Online service providers, to be protected by title 2 have to be an online service provider as it is describe in title 2 of the DMCA and have to follow certain rules.

Some important cases that involved the DMCA are:
• A&M records v. Napster, 239 F. 3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2001)
• Universal City Studios v. Reimerdes, 111 F. Supp. 2d 294 (S. D. N. Y. 2000)
• Field v. Google, Inc., 412 F.Supp.2d 1106 (D.Nev. 2006)

The DMCA is a good example of how the laws have to evolve with technologies. It is even more true in the case of copyrights. No other big changes have been made since 12 years. A new law to deal with other new technologies will probably have to be developed in the next few years to be able to handle other challenges to copyrights.

U.S. Copyright Office. (1998, December). THE DIGITAL MILLENNIUM COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1998. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from Copyright.gov: http://www.copyright.gov/legislation/dmca.pdf

The first answer that M. Brotman gives to this question: it’s possible…

52 national broadband plans have already been deployed in the world. As the first economic and political power in the world, the US has to have a strong broadband plan for its future. In Finland, everybody has already passed a law to provide broadband to all of its citizens.

M. Broatman thinks that Satellites can be the solution to bring broadband around the world, and the US should more think about it as a way to bring broadband to all its citizens.

Even of the US broadband plan reach all the American, it is just concern about 5% of the world population. This is not enough to bring broadband to the world.

Broadband can have a huge impact on people with disabilities. People can have access to information, entertainment and can work without the need of moving. Broadband can open doors to the world to people with various disabilities. Actually only 3% of people with disabilities can work, but broadband can really change those figures.

Broadband can also have a huge impact on economic development. An increase of 10% in the broadband penetration can increase gross domestic product by average of 1.3%.

Access to mobile communication can also be a way to offer banking services to poor people. In India where a great part of people has accessed to mobile phone but not banking account, the mobile phone is now used as a way to pay. This show how access to communication services can be important even in poor part of the world where people thinks there are other needs to cover before this one.

Broadband can also have an impact on health care. For example the use of electronic record can saved billions $ a years. Broadband can also offer remote diagnostic and even remote treatment (like surgery robot controlled through a broadband connection by a doctor on the other side of the world).

Broadband can also have a huge impact on Education, Energy Management, Public Safety but the scheduled of the lecture does not allow us to cover those subjects as they should be covered.

The future of the broadband development will be based on the Millennials.

Last year, different story appeared throughout Europe with people receiving enormous phone bills because of using data in foreign countries. One of the most important story was a French Orange’s client who received a 159 000€ bill for using his data plan abroad. In fact this client never left France he was just living on the border with Belgium (in Valenciennes) and without knowing it he was using his phone on a Belgian network (Decommer, 2009). Those stories have existed for a few years but have been more and more common with the quick development of smartphone and mobile internet.

After those different stories, the European Commission decided to work on a solution to stop those problems. In June 2009, the European Commission passed a law that force the cell phones providers to limit the data roaming to 50€ a month by default or another value chose by the client. This law has to be applied since yesterday, March 1st 2010.

Cell phones providers are now starting to set the limitation on their clients throughout Europe. This law should protect the consumer from future excess from their providers that were clearly trying to deny this problem of data roaming.

AFP. (2010, March 1). Roaming: les factures plafonnées . Retrieved March 2, 2010, from Le Figaro: http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/03/01/01011-20100301FILWWW00546-roaming-les-factures-plafonnees.php

Decommer, H. (2009, December 23). Il porte plainte après une facture Orange de 159 000 euros: "J'espère que mon cas fera jurisprudence". Retrieved March 2, 2010, from Le Post: http://www.lepost.fr/article/2009/12/23/1854927_il-porte-plainte-apres-une-facture-orange-de-159-000-euros-j-espere-que-mon-cas-fera-jurisprudence.html

This 4th cell phones provider in France should develop competency in the cell phone market. Customers expect to see a fall of the communications prices with the entrance of a new actor in the market. Before, the first three providers (Orange, SFR, and Bouygues Telecom) were accused by customers’ associations of harmonizing the prices of their services. Cell phones’ prices in France are among the most expensive in Europe.

The entrance of Free on the market should change it. Free on the internet market is really aggressive on prices and innovation and the vice CEO promised to continue on this pass on the cell phones market.

Free will start to sell its services to customers in 2012, when 25% of population coverage will be reached and Free will be able to start to sign roaming agreements with its three competitors (20minutes, 2010).

The ARCEP will also sell other new frequencies soon (Sanyas, 2010). Those frequencies are too limited to create a new provider so they will be used by existing provider to extend their network. This will permit to face the explosion of data transmissions with the development of 3G services and Smartphones.

Olivier Bruxelle
Graduate Student, Center for Information and Communication Sciences, Ball State University

20minutes. (2010, January 13). L'Arcep délivre officiellement à Free sa licence d'opérateur mobile. Retrieved February 5, 2010, from 20minutes.fr: http://www.20minutes.fr/article/376156/High-Tech-L-Arcep-delivre-officiellement-a-Free-sa-licence-d-operateur-mobile.php
Sanyas, N. (2010, January 14). Free Mobile reçoit officiellement sa licence 3G. Retrieved February 8, 2010, from PCInpact: http://www.pcinpact.com/actu/news/54961-free-mobile-arcep-licence-3g.htm

The music and film associations had to find a way to counter attack and stop the fell of their sells. Instead of creating new interesting offers on the web, they have preferred to fight the “hackers” who download illegal files.

In France, the different music and film industry associations have started an important lobbying on the government since a few years to pass a law that will help them to fight against illegal downloading of copyrighted files.

Those years of lobbying lead to the creation of what people called the HADOPI (Haute autorité pour la diffusion des œuvres et la protection des droits sur internet) law from the name of the authority which is going to be in charge of controlling the exchange of copyrighted files over the internet (Le Monde, 2010, January 4).

For the customers this will consist of:
• An email of warning after the first illegal downloading
• A letter of warning after the second illegal downloading
• The shut down of the internet connection after the third illegal downloading

After the shutdown of the line, the customer may also be sued by the music and film association for breaking the laws about copyrighted files.

This law brings several problems.

First, the customer will be punished without seeing any judge and being able to defend him or herself. This is against the bases of the French right.

Then, the customer can be punished twice for the same thing. First is connection is going to be shut down and then he can be sued by the music and film associations. It is also against the basic principles of the French right.

The fact to shut down the connection brings also a problem of the need of an internet connection in the actual world. Is it possible to live normally without an internet connection? For example people use their connections to pay their taxes, apply for national competitive exams… Some politician think that an internet connection should be seen as a basic need such as a phone line and so should not be shut down so easily.

There is also a problem of safety. More and more people rely on their internet connection for their phone services (VoIP) and do not have a regular phone line. If their connection is shut down, how they are going to be able to call the emergency services in case of problem?

Finally, the music and film associations are going to pay a firm to track the exchange of copyrighted files on the internet. This firm is going to have to ask the internet providers to link the IP address to a physical person. It is not free for the providers to do that. It will cost several million euros each year. The government says that the providers are going to take care of those costs but the providers reply that they never signed any agreement that claim they are going to have to support those fees. For the moment no one knows who is going to support those fees. A solution will have to be found soon as the first controls are supposed to start in April 2010 (Le Monde, 2010, january 8).

Those problems are just the main ones. Several other ones have been brought by consumer association, technology experts…

This law is an example of how the different French governments (from both sides) had and have problems to create laws dealing with internet because of a lack of expertise in the telecommunication domain and a lack of reactivity against a world that evolves every 6 months.

Le Monde. (2010, January 4). Les décrets organisant l'Hadopi publiés au "Journal officiel". Retrieved January 23, 2010, from leMonde.fr: http://www.lemonde.fr/technologies/article/2010/01/04/les-decrets-organisant-l-hadopi-publies-au-journal-officiel_1287124_651865.html
Le Monde. (2010, January 8). Les premiers courriers de l'Hadopi envoyés "entre avril et juillet". Retrieved January 23, 2010, from leMonde.fr: http://www.lemonde.fr/technologies/article/2010/01/08/les-premiers-courriers-de-la-loi-hadopi-envoyes-entre-avril-et-juillet_1289396_651865.html
Shapiro, C., & Varian, H. R. (1999). Information Rules. Harvard Business School.

Information Renaissance, I think is really different as it is not based on any past knowledge. I think the way we see information today is more an evolution of what was information before the Information revolution with some important changes.

That is why I have got some problem with using the word renaissance with information. Maybe it comes from my understanding of the French word renaissance which for me means rebirth (after a dark period in the case of the Renaissance). That was the case with the European Renaissance as culture and sciences was in a pretty bad shape for a few centuries during the middle ages.

Information was not in a dark period before the information revolution, people had access to information pretty easily and there were good contents (maybe better that most of the things you can find on the internet now). I think we should not use the term of renaissance because it does not express well the evolution.

I have tried to find a word to replace renaissance and which can express a constant evolution with some important evolutions throughout it. I have not found it for the moment. Maybe it is going to be the subject of a future post.

A Smart Grid permits the delivery of electricity from the producer to the consumer using a digital network to control the distribution. The use of the digital network permits improvements in the distribution of electricity. A specific device must be plugged into outlets of your homes. Those specific devices will communicate with the electricity producer to improve the regulation of the electricity’s production. It is going to permit different prices depending on the time of day more easily. What is the link with Green IT? The goal is to reduce people consumption by providing a wide difference in electricity’s prices depending on the period of the day, which is supposed to make people more concern about their consumption.

The second point is that renewable energies like sun or wind are not available all day long. Smart Grid will permit to solve this problem by fixing prices depending on the period of the day to follow the availability of electricity. Using a smart grid will also permit to route electricity, so it would be possible to use sources of renewable energies close to houses to reduce the loss due to Joule effect. Then, people will be able to control precisely the consumption of their different devices in the house using a software connected to the control devices plugged in the different outlets, and so it is going to make people think about a way to reduce their electricity consumption and so be more aware of energy wastes. Some electronic devices will also be able to receive information from the grid to manage their energy consumption as the future Whirlpool cloth dryer (Foster, Whirlpool to produce smart clothes dryers, 2009).

Cisco has installed a pilot system for smart grid in Germany a couple weeks ago (Bordage, 2009). It is too early to see the real impact of this technology on electricity consumption. For the moment estimations expect a 10% reduction of the consumption. Such a reduction can be good for the environment if it associated with a more important use of renewable energy sources.
Cisco will also launch a consortium to create a standard for smart grid using an IP based network (Bordage, Constructeur > Smart Grid : Cisco lance Smart Grid Ecosystem, 2009). This standard will reduce the cost of smart grid technologies and will permit the development of this technology.
This technology will probably start to develop a lot in a few years as the European Union plans to create a law to encourage the use of intelligent network for electricity providing. Many important firms in the IT world, like IBM, Microsoft and Alcatel-Lucent, are also working on smart grid technologies.

Bordage, F. (2009, October 13). Constructeur > Smart Grid : Cisco lance Smart Grid Ecosystem. Retrieved November 1, 2009, from GreenIT.fr: http://www.greenit.fr/article/acteurs/constructeur/smart-grid-cisco-lance-smart-grid-ecosystem
Bordage, F. (2009, October 20). Energie > Smart Grid : Cisco et YelloStrom lancent un pilote en Allemagne. Retrieved November 1, 2009, from GreenIT.fr: http://www.greenit.fr/article/energie/smart-grid-cisco-et-yellostrom-lancent-un-pilote-en-allemagne
Cisco. (n.d.). Smart Grid Solutions - Industry Solutions. Retrieved November 3, 2009, from Cisco System: http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/energy/smart_grid_solutions.html
Foster, P. (2009, October 12). Whirlpool to produce smart clothes dryers. Retrieved November 2, 2009, from thegreenitreview.com: http://www.thegreenitreview.com/2009/10/whirlpool-to-produce-smart-clothes.html

Aquasar is a supercomputer composed of two IBM blade center. This supercomputer is installed in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. The first advantage of this supercomputer is the use of water to cool the system instead of air. It allows only 10kW, which is low compared to the average consumption of 275 kW in the first 500 supercomputers in the world. Water is much more efficient to conduct energy than air, which is why the consumption can be so low compare to classic system using air conditioning.

The second advantage which is the real innovation of this system is that the heat which is released from the supercomputer instead of being lost is used to warm the school dorms by channeling the hot water throughout the school heating system after it goes through the computer.

Murph, D. (2009, June 25). Water-cooled Aquasar supercomputer does math, heats dorm rooms. Retrieved November 2, 2009, from Engadget.com: http://www.engadget.com/2009/06/25/water-cooled-aquasar-supercomputer-does-math-heats-dorm-rooms/
Bordage, F. (2008, July 18). Energie > Internet consommera autant d’énergie que l’humanité. Retrieved November 2, 2009, from GreenIT.fr: http://www.greenit.fr/article/materiel/serveur/internet-consommera-autant-d-energie-que-l-humanite

Clic here to apply

The satellite market had a period of growth during the early 90’s due to the development of broadcast television services. This important growth lead to too many investments in this sector of the economy, and some firms, such as Globalstar, faced heavy financial difficulties and even bankruptcy (Globalstar, 2009).

New technological innovations and changes in the needs and market have permitted the beginning of a new growth of the satellite economy. The satellite market is a dynamic market and is predicted to grow from $103 Billion in 2005 to $158 Billion in 2010 (Space & Satellite Market Surpasses $103 Billion, to Reach $158 Billion by 2010, 2005), and the number of satellites launched will increase 50% in the next decade (Big Growth In The World Satellite Market Over The Next Ten Years, 2009).

The satellite business is a good sector to invest with today because there has been little disturbance by the economic crisis compare to other sectors (Thomson Reuters, 2009). Even if the impact of the crisis has not been as important as it has been for some other sector of the economy, some projects have been delayed and analysts predict that the best period to invest in the sector will be between 2011 and 2013 as new parts of the world will adapt to satellite services.

The satellite business offers a lot of opportunities of investments in the civil, government and military sector. Investments in the satellite business can be made at different levels:
• The satellites by themselves
• The customer premises equipments
• The services

If you went to invest in this sector I advise you to focus on the two last levels. This is the most practical choice because the first level involves too many risks associated with the bankruptcy from the late ‘90s. The market is already dominated by powerful providers such as Intelsat and Eutelsat.

Customer premises equipments

As the satellite market is expected to grow, the market of customer premises equipments for satellite-based services will expand accordingly. Those equipments are part and parcel of the market as the services could not exist without specialty equipment. This includes mobile devices for phone and Internet satellite based mobile services, CPE for TV reception from satellite and internet router.

The revenues from this part of the business are expected to rise from $3.3 billion in 2008 to $7.6 billion in 2018. That means that important investments can be made and that there is place for new actors in this sector.

Services

The satellite based services are composed of three main domains:
• TV and Radio broadcast
• Mobile phone and internet
• Broadband internet access

Those services are obviously also provide by other means than satellite such as fiber optic, cable or wireless antennas. The advantage of satellite over other technologies is satellites ability to provide those services to large geographical area without a need of important investment in earth base equipment. This advantage is important to provide services where the costs to deploy a network are too important (compare to the number of subscribers or because there are no network to rely on). It is a good way to provide services in developed countries’ rural area such as the USA where there are large areas with a limited number of potential subscribers. The biggest market for those services will come in a few years from developing countries such as South America, Africa and Asia. In those countries, where networks are limited, satellites provide those services rapidly and without investment, as a single satellite can cover a whole continent. One proof of the future expend of this market is several satellite launches scheduled to improve the coverage of those areas.

Investments in services are less risky that investments in a satellite network. To provide a service you do not need to own your own satellite network. You simply rent a transponder or a frequency to a satellite provider such as Intelsat who has already a satellite network ready. That is why the investments are less important so less risky.

An important development of satellite based services can be expected with the fact that new technologies and new licenses permit to have access to new frequencies from the electromagnetic spectrum. Those frequencies permit to offer greater bandwidth to the users, which means more content for users.

TV

Many developed countries are moving to digital TV and plan to stop the analogical broadcast in the near future. In France, all analogical TV broadcast will stop at the end of 2011. As the coverage of digital TV systems is limited compare to analogical TV systems, it will be impossible to provide digital TV to everybody using earth based transmission systems. That is an opportunity for satellite based TV provider, they will permit to offer digital TV services even in uncovered area. This opportunity is even greater as some countries plan to help to finance those satellite based services so everybody could have access to digital TV.
Another opportunity in the TV services is coming from the availability of new frequencies. Those frequencies permits to provide HD programs and so satellite TV providers are now able to compete against cable or ADSL TV providers.

There are also some plans to provide TV to mobile phones using satellites, so it opens a new market with an important amount of potential users (most of people in developed countries have a mobile phone so are potential targets) (Baudry, 2009).

Even if TV satellite based services are among the most important services provide through satellites, there is still good investments to be made in this area.
There are also some opportunities with the radio broadcast from satellite, specifically in the USA where it has become a major way to provide radio. To improve the development of this technology, the two USA’s providers signed agreements with cars manufacturers to equip cars with their receivers. XM and Sirius (the two USA’s providers) already claim to have more than 18 million subscribers (Satellite radio, 2009).

Mobile phone and internet

We can think that those services cannot be a good source of investments because of the failures of Globalstar and Inmarsat at the end of the 90’s. The truth is, there is still money to be made in this area. Instead of trying to compete against wireless provider such as AT&T or Verizon, new projects of satellite based mobile phone and internet services saw themselves as a complement to wireless services (Programmed to launch a new satellite service, 2009). The goal is to develop hybrid networks which combine wireless and satellite based services using terminals which can use both networks. It is a good vision, as it will be impossible for wireless providers to cover all the population especially in developing countries where for the moment the networks are really limited and it is impossible for satellite providers to compete against wireless providers because the costs of a satellite base communications.

Investment opportunities in this sector can be expected for the coming years as regulators in different countries such as the USA and Europe have started to sell frequencies for this use (Baudry, 2009).

Broadband internet access

The last evolutions of the satellite such as the introduction of transponders using the Ka band permit to provide broadband access with the same bandwidth that ADSL providers provide to their customers. The other advantage of the use of this band of the spectrum is that the CPE are less expensive and so satellite based internet providers can propose prices close to the one from the ADSL or cable providers (ESA, 2009).

As for the two previous kinds of services, satellite based internet services can have a great expansion in area where there are no broadband networks for the moment. Even in developed countries it still represents an important market (they are two providers and two in Europe which are using the Ka Band for internet services (ESA, 2009)). The market can be really important as with one block of frequencies rent on a satellite can permit to cover a whole continent.

The number of providers in this sector is relatively limited. This is why investments in this sector are still conceivable. Firms in this sector show a good health and analysts expect a continual growth of the revenues in the coming years.

You can obviously find opportunities of investments in the satellite business, especially with the services linked with satellite. Even if those market are said to be niche market in developed countries, there is in a real potential expansion of this sector of the economy especially with the development of internet and mobile phone in developing countries where the actual infrastructures to provide those services are limited.
Investments in the satellite market permit to have easily a global vision (as satellites permit to have access to great geographical area) and so it reduces the risks of the investments by relying on various markets.

Works cited

Baudry, M. (2009, November 13). TV mobile par satellite : quelle place pour les réseaux hybrides? Retrieved November 15, 2009, from zdnet.fr: http://www.zdnet.fr/blogs/digiworld/tv-mobile-par-satellite-quelle-place-pour-les-reseaux-hybrides-39710745.htm?xtor=RSS-1
Big Growth In The World Satellite Market Over The Next Ten Years. (2009, June 9). Retrieved November 17, 2009, from Spacemart.com: http://www.spacemart.com/reports/Big_Growth_In_The_World_Satellite_Market_Over_The_Next_Ten_Years_999.html
ESA. (2009, March 20). The Satellite Market. Retrieved November 17, 2009, from telecom.eas.int: http://telecom.esa.int/telecom/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=456
Globalstar. (2009, November 2). Retrieved November 18, 2009, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalstar
Programmed to launch a new satellite service. (2009, July 17). Retrieved November 17, 2009, from SPACE pragmatism: http://spacepragmatism.net/2009/07/programmed-to-launch-a-new-satellite-service.html
Satellite radio. (2009, November 2). Retrieved November 18, 2009, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satellite_radio&action=history
Space & Satellite Market Frompasses $103 Billion, to Reach $158 Billion by 2010. (2005). Retrieved November 17, 2009, from spacebusiness.com: http://www.spacebusiness.com/PR-soi05.pdf
Thomson Reuters. (2009, April 7). Broadband Satellite Market to Escape Economic Malaise Largely Unscathed If Recovery Starts Prior to End of 2009. Retrieved November 17, 2009, from Reuters.com: http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS97670+07-Apr-2009+MW20090407

Since last year, CICS’s students can spend three weeks in Telecom Bretagne during the summer as an elective class for the master requirements
.
Telecom Bretagne is one of the best telecommunication engineering schools in France. It is located in Plouzané, a little town near Brest in Brittany. The area is really nice as the school as direct view on the Atlantic Ocean. I spent two years in this school, and I think those years have been the best years of my life.

During those three weeks, you will follow an intercultural management class and a French class. If you do not speak French, do not worry. The intercultural management class is in English and there are different French class levels even for beginners.

This summer class will bring you a lot of opportunities. You will be able to meet people from around 20 different countries during this summer class, so that is a great opportunity to discover a lot of new cultures. You will also discover France thanks to a trip in Brittany and a trip in Paris. Obviously those trips will be too short to discover all the treasures of France but they will give you a good overview of them.

You will also have some time to do some sport on the campus which offers a lot of facilities. You may also discover some nautical sports such as surfing of windsurfing, as the region offers several great spots to practice those activities.

Finally, you will have the opportunity to discover the French’s evenings and try some culinary specialties like crêpes with some French wine (with moderation!!!).

The summer school is schedule from August 9th 2010 to August 27th 2010. As CICS's students you do not have to pay for the program, you just have to cover the plane ticket and lodging expenses.

If you need more information about the summer school you can visit the website of the program here. You can also ask me for more information or ask to Nathan Felt and Justin Epperly to tell you about their experience during last summer.

Google Wave presents itself as the new way to communicate on the internet. It combines messaging, instant messaging, pictures, video, documents sharing, and collaborative space, all on the same web page.
To briefly explain Google Wave, we can say that it replaces email with something new: a wave. A wave offers a lot of possibilities to users compared to email. On a wave you can chat, share documents, maps, itinerary etc… The important thing about a wave is that you can interact in real time, but users can also follow a wave later if he or she was not connected during the chat or has been invited after the creation of a wave.

Google Wave is a really powerful tool to improve collaboration, so I think it is going to have great success as other numerous Google applications have had in the past.

Google claims that this application is the killer application of emails. I do not agree with this declaration as emails are one of the basic applications on the internet and is used by everybody. Whereas I think it can be a complement to emails especially in a professional context.

Google Wave is a new tool for Human Communication, and we are going to see how it can evolve.

Bibliography
Google Wave : on a testé. (2009, October 16). Retrieved October 17, 2009, from memoclic.com: http://www.memoclic.com/1722-google-wave/9625-google-wave-test.html

Bibliography
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