European Renaissance
The Renaissance (French for 'rebirth', or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. It encompassed the revival of learning based on classical sources, the rise of courtly and papal patronage, the development of perspective in painting, and advancements in science. The word Renaissance is also used as an adjective to describe other historical and cultural moments (e.g. the Carolingian Renaissance, the Byzantine Renaissance).